Admission to the Institute of Social Studies
The University of Tartu Institute of Social Studies offers two bachelor’s and five master’s level programs, as well as one professional higher education program. It is possible to undertake doctoral studies in the fields of media and communication and sociology
Bachelor’s studies
The University of Tartu Journalism and Communication curriculum is top rated and considered among the 150 best specialties in the world. In the coursework, we value the students’ creative thinking, social skills and scientific clarity, which we will ensure with innovative study methods. Our alumni are mostly employed as journalists, editors, show hosts, spokespersons and communications managers
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Nele Nemvalts, nele.nemvalts@ut.ee, 737 5355
The Information Society and Social Well-being curriculum will provide you with thorough theoretical knowledge of the functioning of society, and practical skills for impacting society. You will learn from Estonia’s most renowned experts in the field. As an alumnus, your career options are diverse and you will be able to contribute to society in the fields of sociology, social work or social politics, among others
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Virge Näkk, virge.nakk@ut.ee, 737 5935
Estonia as a world-renowned e-state is in great need of specialists in information management who know how to manage information in a rapidly changing digital environment. Information Management is a practical curriculum which includes practice-oriented subjects as well as a large volume of practical work. The block mode form of study will enable you to complete your studies alongside work and family
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Virge Näkk, virge.nakk@ut.ee, 737 5935
Master’s studies
Community Development and Social Well-being is a new, unique curriculum in Estonia, which is based on competences and has been compiled considering the needs of the adult learner. You will acquire knowledge of (social) psychology, social work and politics, but also human geography and social entrepreneurship. To sum up, after completing this block mode study program, you will know how to drive change in supporting the social well-being and reducing the inequality among Estonian people and how to become active in the respective field
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Kristi Juurik, kristi.juurik@ut.ee, 737 5355
While completing this curriculum, you will develop your sociological imagination and flexible thinking skills and be supported in developing your unique profile as a media professional. The education provided will give you the capability and skills to navigate the changing working conditions of the communication field and be successful at what you do. With the Journalism and Communication Master’s curriculum, you can expect meaningful academic weekends in Tartu with inspiring colleagues, as fellow students from different walks of life will help you experience how the theory you are taught is applied in practice
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Nele Nemvalts, nele.nemvalts@ut.ee, 737 5355
The Managerial and Digital Communication curriculum is open to anyone looking for support from the professional community in untangling the laws of communication in digital environments and experience-based feedback. This block mode study program will also enable the working specialist to obtain new knowledge and skills, but to do so in a systematic and goal-oriented manner. Your study colleagues will be mid-level managers who hold bachelor’s degrees (at least three years of work experience) and top specialists who have experience in management roles
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Nele Nemvalts, nele.nemvalts@ut.ee, 737 5355
The aim of the program is to develop core competences for working as a top specialist in the analytics field, and to achieve this, we have compiled subjects from sociology and information and knowledge management. You will acquire strong analytical skills and learn to interpret analysis results and present them to various target groups. Your skills will enable you to give data-based input for making decisions on an organisational as well as a societal level
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Kristi Juurik, kristi.juurik@ut.ee, 737 5355
This unique interdisciplinary curriculum combines defining change in society with knowledge of psychology, economics, politics, law, management and communication, as that is the way to learn to analyse changes in a comprehensive manner. Your study colleagues will be leaders and specialists in various fields, with whom you also have the opportunity to collaborate after finishing your studies. The flexible block mode form of study which includes experience-based learning and practical work will enable you to combine studies with work and obtain a master’s degree without interruptions to your career.
Read more about the curriculum and terms
Additional information: Kristi Juurik, kristi.juurik@ut.ee, 737 5355
Doctoral studies
The aim of doctoral studies is to bring the doctoral student’s knowledge and skills to the level of an internationally recognised top professional. The main career opportunities for graduates are working as a professor or researcher at the University of Tartu and other research institutions, or as a leading specialist outside the academic sphere. The education of a specialist with a doctoral degree is mainly comprised of top knowledge and skills for research in their field, a broad scientific worldview, and development, management and teaching competences
Read about admission to doctoral studies and conditions
Additional information:
Maiu Reinhold, Doctoral Students' Study Adviser, maiu.reinhold@ut.ee, 737 5697
Andra Siibak, Program Director of the Doctoral Curriculum in Media and Communication, andra.siibak@ut.ee
Veronika Kalmus, Program Director of the Doctoral Curriculum in Sociology, veronika.kalmus@ut.ee, 737 6591
You can apply to two specialities in the Institute of Social Studies (one ranking list will be formed). There are 5 study places available.
You can choose the thesis topic from the list or apply with your own topic. If you choose to apply with your own topic, the topic should be related to the main research fields of the institute. Several topics in the list are interdisciplinary. When applying, you need to decide which speciality you will choose (Media and Communication or Sociology). The decision should be based on your previous experience in the field and your research interests. You can also ask advice from your prospective supervisor.
All applicants (including those who choose the topic from the list) should contact a prospective supervisor before submitting the application. Please note that the prospective supervisor is not in a position to provide extensive comments or help develop project descriptions at the application stage.
Media and communication
“Generations’ agency and relationships in the digitalising environment” – the topic is related to the CHANSE project “Platforming families – tracing digital transformations in everyday life across generations“ (2022-2025; Principal Investigator Prof Veronika Kalmus) and allows studying how three generations of family members (grandparents, parents and children) use digital platforms, and how this influences their everyday life, communication, experiences and relationships (based on interviews to be conducted with families in Estonia, Norway, UK, Romania and Spain / Catalonia).
Potential supervisors: Dr Signe Opermann, Professor Veronika Kalmus, Professor Andra Siibak
“Parents’ socialisation values in the mediatising society” – the topic is related to the Estonian Research Council projectPRG1761 “How do changes in the digital and language environment at home during COVID-19 lockdown affect child development and wellbeing?” (2023-2027; Principal Investigator Prof Tiia Tulviste) and allows studying relations between children’s usage of screen media and its parental mediation on the one hand, and parents’ socialisation values and attitudes, on the other (based on questionnaire data).
Potential supervisors: Professor Veronika Kalmus, Professor Tiia Tulviste
„Explorations of children/young people's "dark" online practices“
Information disorder (Wardle & Derakshan, 2017), common in our current fast-paced information ecosystems (Allen et al, 2020) tends to be abstract and hard to grasp or translate into actions, especially for the younger age groups. Digital and media literacies’ study materials often seem to be out of date the moment they are published. Many digital/media literacies frameworks neglect the most recent practices and affordances altogether (especially in the domain of data and algorithmic literacies). But at the time of deep mediatization (Hepp, 2016), it is crucial for everyone not only to be aware of the basic principles of (digital) media and social media logic (van Dijk & Poell, 2013), but also to acquire and constantly update necessary media and digital literacy skills and knowledge.
Children are participating in the digital sphere from a very young age, switching from passive use to active use often more quickly than educators, parents etc are expecting them to. That also means experiencing various risks (Livingstone & Stoilova, 2021) and engaging in playful malign practices themselves (shaming, bullying, drama, trolling, using and creating sexual content, P2P harassment, etc). Children and young people - both can be at the heart of the doctoral project - are often looked at as (potential) victims who have little or no agency in the context of online risks. The topic of children as the initiators of harmful situations, seeking the pleasure of risk (Buckingham, 2007), or testing the boundaries of acceptable behavior has deserved less attention. Young people participating in dark entertainment and malign communication is partly to be expected and part of the developmental objectives and schema, but also the result of laissez-faire approaches to digital spheres and children and young people’s rights within them. Internet culture is a difficult one – the jokes are often borderline, extreme trolling (deliberately starting arguments or provoking readers into an emotional response) is seen as entertainment (Laineste, 2013; Murumaa-Mengel, 2017) and “others” often seem to be dehumanized by the fact that they are behind the screen. By now, schadenfreude-based entertainment is an increasingly common (Kuipers, 2014; Feather, 2014), giving digital culture a dark undertone. Like it or not, children and young people pick up on that and furthermore, are socialized into this general ethos. In fact, as argued by (Jane, 2019: 58) we should “bring critical attention to the fact that much of the vitriol and hateful speech currently proliferating in digital cultures is indissolubly interwoven with popular entertainment” which, for younger age groups is steadily rooted in social media and digital platforms.
The doctoral student is expected to explore the “dark” practices (dark play, dark entertainment, dark participation) that children and young people have internalized as part of the norms and cultures of social media, games and (user-generated) media content. Potential outputs are pracademical: in addition to empirical and theoretical academic knowledge, we seek the practical. That includes playful approaches that revolve around “dark” topics and building children’s digital resilience, helping kids, youth workers, and teachers reflect on actual unpolished contemporary digital lives of children, and updating the frameworks of digital-, media- and information literacies. Required methods: mainly qualitative. The project has a strong practical component, so the applicant must have an interest in teaching and collaborative learning, too.
Potential ongoing and upcoming projects to contribute to: BECID (Baltic Engagement Centre for Combating Information Disorders); PlatFAMs; Erasmus+ collaborations.
Supervisor: Associate Professor Maria Murumaa-Mengel
„Artificial Intelligence in Public Libraries“
The coming of artificial intelligence has risen the question of keeping a job in several professions, the knowledge workers, including librarians are not an exception here. In Estonia, we have several cases of developing the artificial intelligence in libraries: the Estonian National Library is developing a tool named Marta for indexing published materials, on the state level, Byrokrat is also being developed in order to provide automated interaction with library users on the libraries’ web pages. In this doctoral thesis the main question is to study what does using the artificial intelligence in libraries, or in public libraries in particular mean for this field and for the profession of librarians. The doctoral thesis is not currently related to any research project, but the topic has potential in terms of international collaboration.
Supervisor: Dr Krista Lepik
„Lying as an everyday social phenomenon and/or practice: Specific manifestations, people and contexts“
The proposed and specified topic should not be about spreading disinformation, misinformation etc, i.e., the topic should focus on lying as an everyday and/or casual phenomenon and practice.
Supervisor: Dr Kristjan Kikerpill
“AI technologies and manifestations of surveillance society”
The candidates are expected to explore the topic from the critical data studies and surveillance studies perspectives. Candidates who are interested in exploring the topic in the context of education sector (higher education institutions, secondary schools) are in particularly welcome. The proposed topic is connected to several research proposals that have been submitted or waiting to be submitted for funding.
Potential supervisors: Professor Andra Siibak and Dr Kristjan Kikerpill
PhD topics by Risk and Resilience research group
The proposed PhD topics are related to the following ongoing research projects:
(1) Union Civil Protection Mechanism financed project ‘EuRopean ObservAtory on Disaster risk and crisis MAnagement good Practices: way ahead’ (ROADMAP, 2023-2024), with partners from Estonia, Norway, Italy and Portugal. The project establishes a Community for the European Observatory of good practices to improve the understanding and replicability of these practices in disaster risk management.
(2) “Creating an interactive tool for assessing crisis vulnerability”, financed by Estonian Rescue Board and Innovation award by University of Tartu, 2022-2023. Project develops an interactive tool for identifying the accumulation of factors of social vulnerability and the need for support in crisis situations or scenarios. The novel tool fulfils an important gap in integrating social vulnerability into risk analyses and crisis planning in Estonia, and potentially across the world.
“Anticipatory innovation in disaster risk reduction”
This research project explores foresight techniques and data science methodologies to anticipate and prepare for emerging risks stemming from the complex nature of modern disasters. The project focuses on the experiences of using foresight techniques in predicting societal vulnerabilities to guide adaptive, preventive, or preparedness actions across Europe. It applies foresight techniques to predict emerging hazard scenarios and factors of vulnerability. The project explores the possibilities of predicting disaster vulnerabilities based on emerging hazard scenarios and applying merged state databases to model vulnerabilities.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, Associate Professor Mihkel Solvak, Associate Professor Sten Hansson
“Communication-related factors of vulnerability and their mitigation in crisis management”
Recent major crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 floods that ravaged Europe, and the refugee crisis spurred by the Russian war aggression in Ukraine, have triggered the need to carefully consider the communication-related mechanisms of vulnerability in crises (Hansson et al., 2020). This research project focuses on the individual, social-structural, and situational factors that have impeded access, understanding or response to information in various emerging crises. Furthermore, the project explores how the crisis management authorities have reconsidered or revised their strategies and practices in order to improve accessibility to risk and crisis information, understandability of the provided information (including helping to recognise false information), or strategies to overcome the barriers to acting adequately upon information about hazards, e.g. by building trust in official information sources.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Sten Hansson, Associate Professor Kati Orru
“Inclusion gap in disaster risk reduction and strategies for filling the gap”
For effective disaster risk reduction, collaborative partnerships between the communities and authorities need to be established already when identifying the sources of vulnerability and defining its mitigation strategies (United Nations, 2015). Overview of the practices of engaging members of community in crisis response in Europe highlights how the rules and resources, including capacities to connect with these enthusiastic helpers, as well as training facilitate their meaningful mobilising (Nahkur et al., 2022). However, recent crises demonstrate the societal polarisation in terms of willingness to contribute to crisis resolution and resignation from joint efforts to better anticipate, mitigate risks or respond to crises. This project will explore the lessons learned from past crises in terms of including individuals in crisis response. Furthermore, it maps the techniques (and guidelines) used by formal actors and community leaders in engaging and empowering citizens and their communities to collaborate and to act by themselves in preparation for or during disasters.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, Associate Professor Oliver Nahkur
“Approaches to handling social vulnerabilities to crises: the role of social care”
In the escalated crisis the number of people affected can be significant and their well-being, health status, and daily coping are greatly disturbed. In such situations, it is expected that social protection authorities ensure the availability of regular services, but also provide support to those people that have fallen into the vulnerable situation during crises (Orru et al., 2022). In practice, care workers are acting as consultants to rescue and recovery agencies, yet their skills and expertise in their client’s needs and life circumstances could make them effective partners in risk mitigation, preparedness, response as well as recovery phases of disaster management (Hay & Pascoe, 2021). The role of social protection in mitigating risks, in building preparedness or in response and recovery is often unclear. This project focuses on the legal basis as well as the practical organisation of social protection in terms of identifying potentially vulnerable individuals, and building their preparedness as well as response capacities.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, dr Marco Krüger (University of Tübingen)
References
Hansson, S., Orru, K., Siibak, A., Bäck, A., Krüger, M., Gabel, F., & Morsut, C. (2020). Communication-related vulnerability to disasters: A heuristic framework. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101931
Hay, K., & Pascoe, K. M. (2021). Social Workers and Disaster Management: An Aotearoa New Zealand Perspective. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(5), 1531–1550. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab127
Nahkur, O., Orru, K., Hansson, S., Jukarainen, P., Myllylä, M., Krüger, M., Max, M., Savadori, L., Nævestad, T.-O., Frislid Meyer, S., Schieffelers, A., Olson, A., Lovasz, G., & Rhinard, M. (2022). The engagement of informal volunteers in disaster management in Europe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103413
Orru, K., Hansson, S., Gabel, F., Tammpuu, P., Krüger, M., Savadori, L., Meyer, S. F., Torpan, S., Jukarainen, P., Schieffelers, A., Lovasz, G., & Rhinard, M. (2022). Approaches to ‘vulnerability’ in eight European disaster management systems. Disasters, 46(3), 742–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12481
United Nations. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015—2030. United Nations.
Sociology
“Generations’ agency and relationships in the digitalising environment” – the topic is related to the CHANSE project “Platforming families – tracing digital transformations in everyday life across generations“ (2022-2025; Principal Investigator Prof Veronika Kalmus) and allows studying how three generations of family members (grandparents, parents and children) use digital platforms, and how this influences their everyday life, communication, experiences and relationships (based on interviews to be conducted with families in Estonia, Norway, UK, Romania and Spain / Catalonia).
Potential supervisors: Dr Signe Opermann, Professor Veronika Kalmus, Professor Andra Siibak
“Parents’ socialisation values in the mediatising society” – the topic is related to the Estonian Research Council projectPRG1761 “How do changes in the digital and language environment at home during COVID-19 lockdown affect child development and wellbeing?” (2023-2027; Principal Investigator Prof Tiia Tulviste) and allows studying relations between children’s usage of screen media and its parental mediation on the one hand, and parents’ socialisation values and attitudes, on the other (based on questionnaire data).
Potential supervisors: Professor Veronika Kalmus, Professor Tiia Tulviste
Meta-analysis of studies on a certain subject
The subject will be selected jointly by the supervisor and the candidate.
Supervisor: Dr Tarmo Strenze
„Lying as an everyday social phenomenon and/or practice: Specific manifestations, people and contexts“
The proposed and specified topic should not be about spreading disinformation, misinformation etc, i.e., the topic should focus on lying as an everyday and/or casual phenomenon and practice.
Supervisor: Dr Kristjan Kikerpill
“AI technologies and manifestations of surveillance society”
The candidates are expected to explore the topic from the critical data studies and surveillance studies perspectives. Candidates who are interested in exploring the topic in the context of education sector (higher education institutions, secondary schools) are in particularly welcome. The proposed topic is connected to several research proposals that have been submitted or waiting to be submitted for funding.
Potential supervisors: Professor Andra Siibak and Dr Kristjan Kikerpill
„Functioning of children’s close relationships in extraordinary times from the perspective of children“
Children live their “ordinary lives in extraordinary times” (Millei, Silova & Gannon 2022) characterized by recent abrupt social change (e.g., the Covid-19 pandemic and Russian war in Ukraine), having impacts also in their close environments (e.g., family). Growth in children’s mental health problems and a decrease in subjective wellbeing have been noted. As the main sources of a child's well-being lie in their close relationships (e.g., Nahkur & Kutsar 2019; Lee & Yoo, 2015), it is important to examine the functioning of these relationships in these extraordinary times, especially from the perspective of children and using child subjective family network approach (Widmer 1999).
Potential supervisors: Dr Oliver Nahkur, Associate Professor Dagmar Kutsar
References:
Nahkur, O. & Kutsar, D. (2019). Social ecological measures of interpersonal destructiveness impacting child subjective mental well-being: Perceptions of 12-year-old children in 14 countries. Child Indicators Research, 12(1), 353−378. DOI: 10.1007/s12187-018-9542-7.
Lee, B. J. & Yoo, M. S. (2015). Family, school, and community correlates of children’s subjective well-being: an international comparative study. Child Indicators Research, 8(1), 151–175.
Millei, Z., Silova, I. & Gannon, S. (2022). Thinking through memories of childhood in (post)socialist spaces: ordinary lives in extraordinary times. Children's Geographies, 20(3), 324–337. DOI: 10.1080/14733285.2019.1648759.
Widmer, E. D. (1999). Family contexts as cognitive networks: A structural approach of family relationships. Personal Relationships, 6(4), 487–503.
PhD topics by Risk and Resilience research group
The proposed PhD topics are related to the following ongoing research projects:
(1) Union Civil Protection Mechanism financed project ‘EuRopean ObservAtory on Disaster risk and crisis Management good Practices: way ahead’ (ROADMAP, 2023-2024), with partners from Estonia, Norway, Italy and Portugal. The project establishes a Community for the European Observatory of good practices to improve the understanding and replicability of these practices in disaster risk management.
(2) “Creating an interactive tool for assessing crisis vulnerability”, financed by Estonian Rescue Board and Innovation award by University of Tartu, 2022-2023. Project develops an interactive tool for identifying the accumulation of factors of social vulnerability and the need for support in crisis situations or scenarios. The novel tool fulfils an important gap in integrating social vulnerability into risk analyses and crisis planning in Estonia, and potentially across the world.
“Anticipatory innovation in disaster risk reduction”
This research project explores foresight techniques and data science methodologies to anticipate and prepare for emerging risks stemming from the complex nature of modern disasters. The project focuses on the experiences of using foresight techniques in predicting societal vulnerabilities to guide adaptive, preventive, or preparedness actions across Europe. It applies foresight techniques to predict emerging hazard scenarios and factors of vulnerability. The project explores the possibilities of predicting disaster vulnerabilities based on emerging hazard scenarios and applying merged state databases to model vulnerabilities.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, Associate Professor Mihkel Solvak, Associate Professor Sten Hansson
“Communication-related factors of vulnerability and their mitigation in crisis management”
Recent major crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 floods that ravaged Europe, and the refugee crisis spurred by the Russian war aggression in Ukraine, have triggered the need to carefully consider the communication-related mechanisms of vulnerability in crises (Hansson et al., 2020). This research project focuses on the individual, social-structural, and situational factors that have impeded access, understanding or response to information in various emerging crises. Furthermore, the project explores how the crisis management authorities have reconsidered or revised their strategies and practices in order to improve accessibility to risk and crisis information, understandability of the provided information (including helping to recognise false information), or strategies to overcome the barriers to acting adequately upon information about hazards, e.g. by building trust in official information sources.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Sten Hansson, Associate Professor Kati Orru
“Inclusion gap in disaster risk reduction and strategies for filling the gap”
For effective disaster risk reduction, collaborative partnerships between the communities and authorities need to be established already when identifying the sources of vulnerability and defining its mitigation strategies (United Nations, 2015). Overview of the practices of engaging members of community in crisis response in Europe highlights how the rules and resources, including capacities to connect with these enthusiastic helpers, as well as training facilitate their meaningful mobilising (Nahkur et al., 2022). However, recent crises demonstrate the societal polarisation in terms of willingness to contribute to crisis resolution and resignation from joint efforts to better anticipate, mitigate risks or respond to crises. This project will explore the lessons learned from past crises in terms of including individuals in crisis response. Furthermore, it maps the techniques (and guidelines) used by formal actors and community leaders in engaging and empowering citizens and their communities to collaborate and to act by themselves in preparation for or during disasters.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, Associate Professor Oliver Nahkur
“Approaches to handling social vulnerabilities to crises: the role of social care”
In the escalated crisis the number of people affected can be significant and their well-being, health status, and daily coping are greatly disturbed. In such situations, it is expected that social protection authorities ensure the availability of regular services, but also provide support to those people that have fallen into the vulnerable situation during crises (Orru et al., 2022). In practice, care workers are acting as consultants to rescue and recovery agencies, yet their skills and expertise in their client’s needs and life circumstances could make them effective partners in risk mitigation, preparedness, response as well as recovery phases of disaster management (Hay & Pascoe, 2021). The role of social protection in mitigating risks, in building preparedness or in response and recovery is often unclear. This project focuses on the legal basis as well as the practical organisation of social protection in terms of identifying potentially vulnerable individuals, and building their preparedness as well as response capacities.
Potential supervisors: Associate Professor Kati Orru, dr Marco Krüger (University of Tübingen)
References
Hansson, S., Orru, K., Siibak, A., Bäck, A., Krüger, M., Gabel, F., & Morsut, C. (2020). Communication-related vulnerability to disasters: A heuristic framework. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101931
Hay, K., & Pascoe, K. M. (2021). Social Workers and Disaster Management: An Aotearoa New Zealand Perspective. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(5), 1531–1550. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab127
Nahkur, O., Orru, K., Hansson, S., Jukarainen, P., Myllylä, M., Krüger, M., Max, M., Savadori, L., Nævestad, T.-O., Frislid Meyer, S., Schieffelers, A., Olson, A., Lovasz, G., & Rhinard, M. (2022). The engagement of informal volunteers in disaster management in Europe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103413
Orru, K., Hansson, S., Gabel, F., Tammpuu, P., Krüger, M., Savadori, L., Meyer, S. F., Torpan, S., Jukarainen, P., Schieffelers, A., Lovasz, G., & Rhinard, M. (2022). Approaches to ‘vulnerability’ in eight European disaster management systems. Disasters,46(3), 742–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12481
United Nations. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015—2030. United Nations.
